The core operational principle of an electric arc furnace lies in the intense heat generated by the electric arc. When three graphite electrodes are inserted into the furnace charge, a powerful electric arc forms between the electrodes and the charge, instantly producing temperatures exceeding 3000°C. This heat is sufficient to melt various metallic raw materials. This method of directly converting electrical energy into thermal energy achieves a thermal efficiency far surpassing that of traditional fuel-based heating, significantly shortening the smelting cycle.
Compared to traditional equipment such as converters, electric arc furnaces demonstrate exceptional adaptability in raw material usage. They can process not only pig iron but also utilise scrap steel extensively as feedstock, a capability of particular significance in today’s era where resource recycling is increasingly prioritised. Statistics indicate that a modern electric arc furnace can elevate scrap steel utilisation rates to over 90%, effectively reducing resource depletion and environmental pressures associated with iron ore mining. This paves new pathways for the green development of the steel industry.
Electric arc furnace
